There are 71 known taxa of birds endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, of which 30 are extinct, 6 possibly extinct and 30 of the remaining 48 species and subspecies are listed as endangered or threatened by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. In the era following western contact, habitat loss and avian disease are thought to have had the greatest effect on endemic bird species in Hawaii, although native peoples are implicated in the loss of dozens of species before the arrival of Captain Cook and others, in large part due to the arrival of the Polynesian rat (Rattus exulans) which came along with the first Polynesians.

List of species

The following is a list of bird species and subspecies endemic to the Hawaiian Islands:

Procellariidae

  • Hawaiian petrel or ʻuaʻu, Pterodroma sandwichensis VU
  • Newell's shearwater or ʻaʻo, Puffinus newelli CR
  • Bryan's shearwater, Puffinus bryani CR (P. assimilis: LC)
  • Bonin petrel, Pterodroma hypoleuca LC 99% of the total population breeds on the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

Anatidae

  • Hawaiian goose or nēnē, Branta sandvicensis VU
  • Hawaiian duck or koloa maoli, Anas wyvilliana EN
  • Laysan duck, Anas laysanensis CR

Diomedeidae

  • Laysan albatross, Phoebastria immutabilis NT 99.7% of the total population breeds on the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
  • Black-footed albatross, Phoebastria nigripes NT 97.5% of the total population breeds on the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

Accipitridae

  • Hawaiian hawk or ʻio, Buteo solitarius NT

Rallidae

  • Laysan rail, Porzana palmeri † EX
  • Hawaiian rail or moho, Porzana sandwichensis † EX
  • Hawaiian gallinule or ʻalae ʻula, Gallinula chloropus sandwichensis (G. chloropus: LC)
  • Hawaiian coot or ʻalae keʻokeʻo, Fulica alai VU

Recurvirostridae

  • Hawaiian stilt or aeʻo, Himantopus mexicanus knudseni (NR) (H. mexicanus: LC)

Laridae

  • Hawaiian black noddy or noio, Anous minutus melanogenys (A. minutus: LC)

Strigidae

  • Pueo, Asio flammeus sandwichensis (NR) (A. flammeus: LC)

Mohoidae

  • Kauaʻi ʻōʻō, Moho braccatus † EX
  • Oʻahu ʻōʻō, Moho apicalis † EX
  • Bishop's ʻōʻō, Moho bishopi † EX
  • Hawaiʻi ʻōʻō, Moho nobilis † EX
  • Kioea, Chaetoptila angustipluma † EX

Corvidae

  • Hawaiian crow or ʻalala, Corvus hawaiiensis EW

Monarchidae

  • Kauaʻi ʻelepaio, Chasiempis sclateri VU
  • Oʻahu ʻelepaio, Chasiempis ibidis EN
  • Hawaiʻi ʻelepaio, Chasiempis sandwichensis VU

Sylviidae

  • Laysan millerbird, Acrocephalus familaris familaris † EX
  • Nihoa millerbird, Acrocephalus familaris kingi CR

Turdidae

  • Kamaʻo, Myadestes myadestinus † EX
  • Puaiohi, Myadestes palmeri CR
  • Olomaʻo, Myadestes lanaiensis PE
    • ʻĀmaui, Myadestes (lanaiensis) woahensis † EX
  • ʻOmaʻo, Myadestes obscurus VU

Fringillidae

See also

  • List of birds of Hawaii
  • List of bird species introduced to the Hawaiian Islands
  • Endemism in the Hawaiian Islands
  • List of extinct animals of the Hawaiian Islands

References

  • (2005). Hawaii's Birds. Hawaii Audubon Society. Sixth ed.

External links

  • USGS Biology Programs, Informative site but species classification is out of date
  • IUCN Redlist of Threatened Species
  • Hawai'i's Endemic Forest Birds - Distribution, Status and Population Updates 2002
  • Hawaii's Species of Greatest Conservation Need: Process and SGCN Fact Sheets

Extinct Birds of Oahu Birds of Oahu

Hawaii's Endemic Species

19 ENDEMIC Birds that ONLY dwell in Hawaii! (2024)

Hawaii Endemic Birds Birdtripper

Killing Birds invasive species in Hawaii Birds in a Changing World